These divisions are frequently the source of misunderstanding because there is a tendency to use different terms for the same phenom. Pdf comminution the first step in mineral dressing researchgate. Crushing reduces the particle size of runofmine ore to such a levelthat grinding mill can further grind it until the mineral and gangue is substantiallyproduced as separate particles. Mineral processing is sometimes divided into mechanical and physicochemical parts. Test methods for characterizing ore comminution behavior. Comminution of rocks to liberate target minerals is the single greatest energy requirement of the mining industry, and even small reductions in energy usage have the potential for large economic gains. It accounts for up to 40 percent of the total energy used in mineral processing operations. Comminution testing equipment in mineral processing. Introduction comminution is usually the first stage in mineral processing plants. Ore dressing is a process of mechanically separating the grains of ore minerals from the gangue minerals. However, understanding and optimising comminution processes have presented researchers and practitioners with significant challenges. Comminution might well be the great technology of the 21st century, yet only a paucity of information exists on the topic. In geology, it occurs naturally during faulting in the upper part of the earths crust. Comminution service offering minerals processing division.
Here, the ore is converted to manageable feed for further units of concentration and separation. In the mined material supply chain, ore concentration is the process whereby the mineral being mined is separated from mineral bearing rock, either chemically or physically. The comminution group has built up an extensive capacity for modelling and simulation of various types of comminution equipment and circuits. Comminution and classification wiley online library. This machinery includes comminution devices from crushing to fine grinding as well as different kinds of classifiers like sieves, hydro. Setting up a geometallurgical program for an ore deposit requires extensive test work. Special issue supplement comminution 2002 sciencedirect. The first principle of comminution states that the specific energy input always equals the energy register of the product minus the energy register of the feed disregard, of this principle and assignment of zero energy register to the feed, results in a distorted, interpretation of comminution results. Primary crushing is often done close to the mining area, e. International journal of mineral processing comminution. Mineral processing technology is evolved to separate and recover ore. International mineral processing and comminution j.
Alban lynch has taken it upon himself to address this void, assembling an assortment of industry experts to produce the comminution handbook. In ore beneficiation, flotation is a process in which valuable minerals are separated from worthless material or other valuable minerals by inducing them to gather in and on the surface of a froth layer. Practical evaluation of work required in particle size reduction communition theories objectives. Comminution of minerals efficient comminution processes require a careful process design and presume a deep understanding of the grinding fundamentals as well as the appropriate machinery. Most of the energy in mineral processing power and steel is used in crushing and grinding rock. Click download or read online button to get principles of comminution book now. Sulfide and nonsulfide minerals as well as native metals are recovered by froth flotation. Comminution is the process in which the rockore is reduced to desired size where liberation of the minerals are maximum without changing the chemical and. While the head grades are constantly declining, more sustainable technologies and solutions are required to process hard, variable and lowgrade ore bodies. Comminution is the most energy intensive process stage in the mining industry. Wills mineral processing technology, 8th edition book. Click download or read online button to get advances in comminution book now. Mining mineral processing metallurgical products process management workflow.
Comminution processes such as crushing and grinding constitute a significant proportion of capital and operating costs in mineral processing plants, and are critical to the economic performance of most mining operations. Water and energy balances in mineral processing plants osvaldo bascur and ales soudek. The third chapter addresses the topic of mineral liberation, and the approach used at the jkmrc in particular, and chapter 4 follows with a detailed description of the methods used to establish the materialspecific breakage function. It is a process of ore preparation, milling, and ore dressing or ore beneficiation.
Essentially, comminution is the key for mineral beneficiation where the aim is to form mineral components into least energ y consuming elements in terms of thermal, physical or chemical treatments. Our grinding equipments are highly economical and provide a very uniform. An introduction to the practical aspects of ore treatment and mineral recovery has been the definitive reference for the mineral processing industry for over thirty years. Earthquakes and rock deformation in crustal fault zones pdf. This process is simple at a high level, and able to be modelled based on simple physics.
Mineral beneficiation, mineral processing, coal preparation, coal cleaning, comminution, mineral liberation, gravity separation, flotation, electrostatic. Improving how comminution, the crushing and grinding of material to a smaller size, is executed and managed is instrumental to gekkos global expertise in energyefficient flowsheet design. Comminution mining, mineral comminution, selective. In terms of global quantities of material reduced in size, it has been estimated that the annual tonnage is of the order of several thousand million, and in terms of the energy expended the. Aspects of comminution flowsheets design in processing of mineral. Different possibilities to define energy efficiency. The coalition for energy efficient comminution ceec has been established and is supported by a broad range of mining sector companies keen to accelerate awareness, knowledge transfer and, by implication, improve energy and cost outcomes in the substantive area of comminution. In industry, it is an important unit operation in mineral processing, ceramics. The technology has been utilised for more than 30 years in the calcium carbonate industry, its application, until recently, was unavailable for mineral processing. Mintek minerals processing division comminution group simulation, optimisation, plant survey circuit modelling and simulation. Comminution is the reduction of solid materials from one average particle size to a smaller average particle size, by crushing, grinding, cutting, vibrating, or other processes. With this, swedens second biggest city provides a professional framework for a conference focussing on mineral processing and specifically on comminution and classification processes. Test methods for characterizing ore comminution behavior in geometallurgy 2 1. Water and energy balances in mineral processing plants.
Mill capacity is a function of the mill volume and the load of grinding media. Comminution in themineral processing plant takes place in a sequence of crushing and grindingprocesses. Comminution test methods used within mineral processing have mainly been developed for selecting. Product properties were analyzed by using a mineral liberation analyser mla and the obtained min eralogical and mineral processing relevant parameters were carefully evaluated with special focus on the characteristics. It is the first process that most ores undergo after mining in order to provide a more concentrated material for the procedures of extractive metallurgy. Pdf comminution in mineral processing researchgate. Mineral processing, art of treating crude ores and mineral products in order to separate the valuable minerals from the waste rock, or gangue. Chapter 5 is a very useful addition, giving practical guidance on how to survey a comminution circuit. In the us mining industry, 40% of all energy consumption is estimated to be attributed to grinding, inclusive of mining drilling, blasting, hauling and processing 1.
As figure 1 shows, comminution is generally the most power intensive process and generally consumes in excess of 50% of total site power. Comminution the whole operation of reducing the raw ore to the size required for mechanical separation or metallurgical processing. Principles of comminution download ebook pdf, epub. Pdf comminution is the process in which by activity of mechanical forces the dispersion state of solid material is being changed. Mills are essentially cylindrical in shape and this design has been selected for very definite reasons. Roy introduction comminution is a major unit operation in iron ore processing. Mtg, together with our partners supply the right grinding solution for size reductions to a great range below 20mm. Another classification of mineral processing leads to coal preparation and processing of mineral raw materials. Milling, sometimes also known as fine grinding, pulverising or comminution, to determine the suitability of a mineral for processing. Normally the comminution circuit includes several stages starting with crushing and followed by grinding figure 1. Comminution communiation is one of the primary operations in mineral dressing. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
Mineral dressing orebeneficiation the first process most ores undergo after they leave the mine is mineral dressing processing, also called ore preparation, milling, and ore dressing or ore beneficiation. Crushing, a form of comminution, one of the unit operations of mineral processing in the field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as ore dressing, is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores. View notes mineral processing communition theories from met eng. Now in its seventh edition, this renowned book is a standard reference for the mineral processing industry. Therefore to obtain a mill of greatest capacity for any given space, pure logic dictates a mill having the greatest volume. Energy savings in comminution innovative routes for. Comminution energy 72% of milling energy z mining z open pit. The end product of mechanical mineral processing is an ore concentrate which is then put through a metallurgical process. Advances in comminution download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. Ore dressing is a process of mechanically separating the grains of ore minerals from the gangue minerals, to produce a concentrate. However, worldwide also milling of coarser particles is an important topic especially in the minerals industry.
120 925 1438 1511 41 397 134 1487 1260 292 1204 577 1575 667 1003 1203 1500 76 489 983 499 689 1408 308 600 101 1606 1578 1622 1627 645 304 1413 982 644 784 1366 1509 862 115 545 113 1374 645 891 706 726 1237 1078